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| Phase | Description | Structure | Phase | Description | Structure |
| Si |
Silica
Silica is a normal phase material and is used for separating polar organic compounds. |
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NO2 |
Nitro
Normal phase material that is use d for aromatic and other conjugated compounds. |
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| C1 |
TMS, SAS, Trimethyl
C1 is a reversed phase material offering unique selectivity for polar and non-ionic organic compounds. |
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OH |
Diol, Glycerol
Reversed phase or normal phase material. Reversed phase is used for Gel Filtration Chromatography of proteins and peptides. Normal phase offers similar selectivity to silica, it is not deactivated by small amounts of water. |
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| C4 |
Butyl
C4 columns often show similar selectivity to C18 columns, although sometimes offer different selectivity towards polar compounds. |
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Phenyl |
C6H5
Reverse phase material that is useful for analyzing aromatic compounds Phenyl shows weak dipole - induced dipole interactions with polar analytes. Usually, this type of bonded phase is used for group separations of complex mixtures. Amino-compounds show some specific interactions with phenyl modified adsorbent. |
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| C6 |
Hexyl
Reversed phase material. Useful for ion-pairing chromatography. |
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SAX |
Quarternary Amine, SB (Strong Base)
Strong bases are normally used as anion exchangers. These are useful for separating nucleotides, nucleosides and organic acids. |
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| C8 |
MOS, RP-8, LC8, Octyl
A common reverse phase material that has similar applications to C18, although it is less retentive |
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SCX |
Sulphonic Acid, SA (Strong Aci
Strong acids are normally used as cation exchangers. They are useful for separating organic bases. |
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| C18 |
Octadecyl, ODS, RP18
The most common reversed phase material. C18 can be used in a broad range of applications and is strongly retentive of non-polar solutes. Often there are different versions (e.g. ODS1/ODS2 etc). These indicate different carbon loading or degrees of endcapping. |
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WAX |
DEAE, Diethylaminoethyl, Weak Base, PEI, Polyethyleneimine
Weak bases are used as weak anion exchangers. They are most useful for analysing and purifying acidic proteins and peptides. |
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| CN |
CPS, PCN, Cyano, Cyanopropyl, Nitrile
A cyano modified surface is very slightly polar. Columns with this phase are useful for fast separations of mixtures consisting of very different components. These mixtures might show a very broad range of retention times on the usual columns. Cyano columns could be used on both normal- and reversed-phase modes of HPLC. |
 |
WCX |
CM, Carboxymethyl, Weak Acid
Weak acids are used as weak cation exchangers. They are most useful for analysing and purifying basic proteins and peptides. |
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| NH2 |
Amino, APS
Amino-phase is a weak anion-exchanger. This type of column is mainly used in normal-phase mode, especially for selective retention of aromatic compounds. |
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